Aims: Diabetic Neuropathy Pain (DNP) is a chronic condition that arises from nerve damage caused by prolonged hyperglycemia. It leads to burning, tingling, and sharp pain, primarily in the extremities. This study examines the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in mitigating Recurrent Negative Thoughts, reducing anxiety sensitivity, and enhancing emotional adjustment in individuals with DNP. Method and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group, involving 36 patients with DNP from Ardabil clinics located in Ardabil, Iran in 2024. Patients were purposively sampled and randomly assigned to intervention (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups. The intervention group underwent eight 90-minute CBT sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data were gathered using the Repetitive Negative Thinking Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, and Emotional Adjustment Measure. The collected data were analyzed using MANCOVA in SPSS-27. Findings: The results demonstrated that CBT significantly improves emotional adjustment (F = 49.46) and reduces Recurrent Negative Thoughts (F = 45.41), as well as physical (F = 52.27), cognitive (F = 59.61), and social dimensions of anxiety sensitivity (F = 38.34) in individuals with DNP (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings highlight CBT's transformative impact on the psychological resilience of DNP patients, fostering adaptive emotional regulation and diminishing maladaptive thought patterns. By addressing the interconnected dimensions of anxiety sensitivity and emotional adjustment, CBT offers a pathway to holistic pain management, emphasizing its potential as a cornerstone in the psychological care of chronic pain conditions.

Negative automatic Thoughts, Negative attitudes and intrusive memories are cognitive features associated with depression. Negative interpretations from intrusive memories and avoidance reactions to them are associated with depression. Some of studies assume intrusive Memories features (distress associated with it and detachment and numb feeling with it) as determinant of depression while based on the results of other studies responses to these intrusive can predict depression very well. The goal of this study is toinvestigate the relationship between Negative automatic Thoughts, Negative attitudes, intrusive memories features and responses to them with depression and the ability of these variables at depression prediction. Therefore, 112 women between 25 and 35 years old at Marefat Culture Home completed the BDI-II, NAT Questionnaire, Cognitive Triad Inventory, and RIQ (Response to Intrusions Questionnaire), and multivariable linear regression has been used to investigate relationship between variables. Negative automatic Thoughts, Negative attitudes and intrusive memories features (distress associated with intrusive memories and detachment and numb feeling with retrieval them) can predict depression, while Negative interpretations from intrusive memories and suppression and rumination responses cannot predict depression. It can be concluded that if past unpleasant events do not integrate with person's story life, intrusive memories and distress and numb and detachment feeling with them can result depression.

Cognitive approach is one of the important approaches in explaining depression. According to Beck, depression starts and continues because of a non logical pessimistic attitude. These Negative concepts and automatic repetitive Negative Thoughts are being considered as the central factors in depression. It has been shown that depressed individuals have significantly more Negative Thoughts compared to the normal ones. Furthermore, some authors have argued that the frequency of positive automatic Thoughts is the most important factor in depression, whereas others maintain that the ratio of Negative and positive Thoughts is what matters the most. For the present study 200 students of the University of Tehran completed the Beck depression Inventory (BDI) and also the Automatic Negative and positive Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-NP). Bifactorial and correlation analyses suggest positive and Negative automatic Thoughts not only are related to each other but also provide independent information. There is a direct relationship between depression and Negative Thoughts whereas the relationship between depression and positive Thoughts is inverse. Furthermore, destruction of positive Thoughts is a more striking characteristic of depression than the presence of Negative Thoughts. Destruction of positive Thoughts is a more salient characteristic in depression compared with the absence of the Negative Thoughts. In other words, destruction of positive Thoughts is related to the severity of depression not to depression itself.

Many psychosocial factors such as lifestyle, disturbing Thoughts, Negative emotions, insufficient sleep can cause chronic hypertension. Today, one of the factors influencing the prevalence of hypertension is psychosocial factors such as persistent and chronic stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on stress, Negative automatic Thoughts and sleep quality in patients with hypertension. For this purpose, in a quasiexperimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 30 patients with hypertension referred to Imam Sajjad Hospital in Tabriz were selected by available sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of therapeutic intervention. The groups were evaluated for stress, Negative automatic Thoughts and sleep quality before and after the treatment interventions. The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly reduced stress and Negative automatic Thoughts and improved sleep quality in patients with hypertension; Therefore, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy promotes psychological health in these patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between anxiety, rumination, insomnia and Negative emotions with paranoid Thoughts. The research design is descriptive-correlational. For this purpose, 240 students of Amirkabir University were selected using cluster sampling and given the Pennsylvania Concern Questionnaire, NalinHaxma Ruminant Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale of Loebond, Bostin Insomnia Scale, and Paranoid Thought Scale. Which was given to them, they replied. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Also, SPSS 22 and LISREL 85.8 statistical software were used to classify, process and analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. Evaluation of the hypothetical model of the research using fitness indicators showed that the hypothetical model fits with the measurement model (CFI = 0.98, NFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.048). The results showed that insomnia indirectly affects paranoid Thoughts through Negative emotion and worry and rumination and also Negative emotion indirectly affects paranoid Thoughts through rumination and worry. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Negative emotion and worry and rumination play a mediating role in the relationship between insomnia and paranoid Thoughts. Paying attention to this mechanism of effect can be effective in formulating effective preventive and therapeutic interventions to reduce paranoid Thoughts.

Some temperamental vulnerability factors along with cognitive vulnerability variables are essential to understand depression. Recent conceptualizations for depression, have also focused on emotions and their dysregulation, regarding their potential role in the development, exacerbation, or maintenance of emotional disorders. However, theoretical associations between emotion regulation and the cognitive model's constructs have remained unclear. The present study examined the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between Negative affect, dysfunctional attitudes, and Negative automatic Thoughts with depressive symptoms. The design was descriptive – correlational and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Population of the current study were some volunteer people who lived in Tehran and Isfahan, in that, 250 of them were selected via convenience sampling following a public announcement. After that, participants responded to Beck depression inventory-II, automatic Thoughts questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, positive and Negative affect scale, and dysfunctional attitudes scale. The results of SEM showed that the conceptual model of the research had a good fitness to research data. In addition, all direct and indirect path coefficients were statistically significant. Therefore, the supposed mediating role of emotion dysregulation was approved. According to the results, it can be inferred that emotion dysregulation might be one of the mechanisms through which temperamental and cognitive vulnerability factors lead to depressive symptoms. Introduction Previous studies indicate that dysfunctional attitudes can lead to depression symptoms both directly (Villalobos et al., 2021) and indirectly, by activating another level of thinking, called Negative automatic Thoughts (Beck, 2020; Clark and Beck, 2010). Temperamental factors such as behavioral inhibition and Negative affect are among the factors that provide the basis for the creation and continuation of emotional problems (anxiety and depression) (Suveg et al., 2010). Nevertheless, a significant percentage of people with high Negative affect do not experience high levels of anxiety symptoms, and ultimately clinical anxiety and depression (Tortella-Feliu et al., 2010). Therefore, it is thought that some other factors, including different methods of emotion regulation, may have a mediating role in the relationship between Negative affect and the occurrence of mood and anxiety symptoms. Investigating the role of emotion regulation in the relationship between cognitive model constructs and depression severity is important for expanding and increasing the effectiveness of the cognitive theory of depression. It can help to identify the mechanisms involved in the occurrence and maintenance of depression. The present study was conducted to investigate the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between Negative affect, dysfunctional attitudes, and Negative automatic Thoughts with depressive symptoms. Method The research design was a descriptive correlation, which was done in the form of structural equation modeling. Among the Normal people of Isfahan and Tehran who volunteered to participate in the research (N = 314); 250 people were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were assessed by using positive and Negative affect Scale (PANAS), dysfunctional attitudes scale (DAS), Negative automatic Thoughts questionnaire (ATQ-N), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and Beck depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data analysis was done with the structural equation modeling method using Amos23. Results The results showed that the conceptual model of the study has a good fit and the general structure of the tested relationships is confirmed through the obtained data. Moreover, all direct and indirect coefficients of the research model were confirmed. Since no direct effects of Negative affect or dysfunctional attitudes towards depression was investigated, the explained variance of depression was entirely the result of the sum of indirect effects exerted through emotion dysregulation. These results, in addition to confirming the fitness of the mediating model, indicate the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the path between Negative affect and dysfunctional attitudes towards automatic Thoughts and depressive symptoms. The results obtained from the structural equation modeling and testing the research conceptual model can be seen in Figure (1). Figure 1: Structural equation modeling of predicting depression symptoms based on Negative affect and dysfunctional attitudes with the mediating role of emotion dysregulation and Negative automatic Thoughts in the standard estimation mode Discussion Based on the results of this research, it can be said that emotion dysregulation is a mechanism that can mediate the effect of temperamental and cognitive factors on depressive symptoms. In other words, the effect of Negative affect and dysfunctional attitudes in creating and aggravating depression symptoms is applied through emotional dysregulation and Negative automatic Thoughts. In general, the results of this study have important implications for psychological assessment. One implication is the potential support of trans-diagnostic models. Although a detailed investigation of this issue requires larger studies that cover depression and anxiety disorders simultaneously, it can be said that the results of the present study, along with recent studies conducted by some researchers such as Chaharmahali et al. (2020), can support the trans-diagnostic models of psychopathology in Iranian society. In these models, it is generally assumed that some mediating cognitive and behavioral mechanisms play a role in creating or at least maintaining mental disorders such as depression. Emotion regulation is one of the most important of these processes (Aldao et al., 2010). Due to the nature of cross-sectional studies, it is not possible to prove a definite causal relationship between variables in this study, and the present results only raise possibilities about the pattern of such relationships. In addition, the composition of the participants was not the same in terms of gender, in that women constituted a higher percentage of the sample size. This combination can be consistent with other countries of the world, reflecting the difference in the prevalence of depression in men and women. Thus, maintaining this combination in the research increases its external validity. At the same time, this advantage can also be presented as a limitation, which is the reduction of the internal validity of the study; if this gender difference between the two groups is related to other factors not measured in this work, it might have left an unwanted systematic effect on the results. Another limitation of the current study is that the variable of emotion regulation was measured only through a self-report questionnaire, which may not contain accurate results as participants may use less or more emotion regulation strategies than what actually was reported.